As numerous disasters such as wildfires, floods, droughts and heatwaves are occurred, the world attempts to achieve carbon emission free society. Hence, chemical production industries also make effort to reduce CO2 emission.

   Electrochemical conversion of CO2 into value-added products such as carbon monoxide, ethylene and ethanol could reduce the carbon emission compared to fossil-fuel based chemical production. When electrochemical conversion of CO2 is powered by renewable energy, it could be negative carbon emissions. Therefore, the research about catalysts, systems and theoretical studies of electrochemical conversion for CO2 is continuously increasing.