Wastewater from agriculture, industry, and human activities contains nitrates, which accumulate in the environment and pose risks to ecosystems and human health. Addressing this issue is a key focus in environmental and industrial research.

   Electrochemical nitrate reduction reactions (NO₃RR), conducted under mild conditions, transform pollutants into useful chemicals and become even more sustainable through the use of renewable energy sources. This approach offers a viable alternative to the energy-intensive and carbon-intensive Haber-Bosch process traditionally used for ammonia and urea production.